---
title: It was he who, by looking up at the sky, caused a Rain of Riches; he… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: It was he who, by looking up at the sky, caused a Rain of Riches; he is the man who gave us this wealth.” Who acts: money, Brahman, man. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 8, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 8, sentence 116

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It was he who, by looking up at the sky, caused a Rain of Riches; he is the man who gave us this wealth.”

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**Who acts:** money, Brahman, man · **What happens:** be, look up, cause, give, rain · **To what, where:** Rain, man, wealth, us, Riches

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (money, Brahman, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:8:118
# text = It was he who, by looking up at the sky, caused a Rain of Riches; he is the man who gave us this wealth.”
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
13	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	Rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Riches	rich	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
23	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
24	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	acl:relcl	_	_
25	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	iobj	_	_
26	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	27	det	_	_
27	wealth	wealth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | money |  |  |  |  | Brahman *nsubj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **look up** | gerund | money *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the sky | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at sky=Theme |
| 3 | **cause** | past |  | a Rain of Riches |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition rain=Patient |
| 4 | **is a** | present | Brahman | the man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **give** | past | the man | this wealth | us |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient wealth=Theme |
| 6 | **rain** |  |  | Riches |  |  |  |  | nom rain «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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