---
title: Thus, by reason of that wealth, every one of those men came to ruin. — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Thus, by reason of that wealth, every one of those men came to ruin. Who acts: one. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 8, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 8, sentence 139

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Thus, by reason of that wealth, every one of those men came to ruin.

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**Who acts:** one · **What happens:** come, ruin

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:8:141
# text = Thus, by reason of that wealth, every one of those men came to ruin.
1	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	wealth	wealth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
9	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	13	det	_	_
13	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
14	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	ruin	ruin	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | every one of that men |  |  |  |  | by reason of that wealth; thus *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **ruin** | to-infinitive | every one of that men *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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