---
title: Not seeing his teacher where he had left him, but seeing the spoils… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Not seeing his teacher where he had left him, but seeing the spoils scattered all about, he reflected: “It must be that my teacher disregarded my words and caused the Rain of Riches; it must be that all of those men have come to ruin.” Who acts: Buddha, seeing, money, my. A sentence of «The grateful
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 8, sentence 141

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Not seeing his teacher where he had left him, but seeing the spoils scattered all about, he reflected: “It must be that my teacher disregarded my words and caused the Rain of Riches; it must be that all of those men have come to ruin.”

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**Who acts:** Buddha, seeing, money, my · **What happens:** not see, leave, see, scatter, reflect, be · **To what, where:** teacher, the, Rain, Riches

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buddha, seeing, money, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:8:143
# text = Not seeing his teacher where he had left him, but seeing the spoils scattered all about, he reflected: “It must be that my teacher disregarded my words and caused the Rain of Riches; it must be that all of those men have come to ruin.”
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	advcl	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	8	advmod	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	csubj:pass	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	obj	_	_
14	spoils	spoil	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	scattered	scatter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
16	all	all	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	about	about	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	reflected	reflect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
22	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj:outer	_	_
24	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
25	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	cop	_	_
26	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
27	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
29	disregarded	disregard	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
30	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obj	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	conj	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	Rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	Riches	rich	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	48	punct	_	_
39	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	48	nsubj	_	_
40	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	48	aux	_	_
41	be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	48	conj	_	_
42	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	48	mark	_	_
43	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	48	nsubj	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	46	det	_	_
46	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	nmod	_	_
47	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	48	aux	_	_
48	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	20	conj	_	_
49	to	to	PART	TO	_	50	mark	_	_
50	ruin	ruin	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	48	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **see** | gerund | Buddha *not said here* | Buddha's teacher |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer teacher=Stimulus |
| 2 | **leave** | past · perfect | Buddha |  | teacher |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 3 | **see** | gerund |  | the |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer the=Stimulus |
| 4 | **scatter** | present · passive | seeing |  |  |  |  | about *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination» |
| 5 | **reflect** | past | Buddha |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **is** *in a quote* | must | money |  |  |  |  | my teacher *nsubj*; my words *obj*; disregard *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **cause** *in a quote* | past | money *not said here* | the Rain of Riches |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition rain=Patient |
| 8 | **be** *in a quote* | infinitive | money *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 9 | **come** *in a quote* | must · perfect | money |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 10 | **ruin** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | money *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 11 | **word** *in a quote* |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
| 12 | **rain** *in a quote* |  |  | Riches |  |  |  |  | nom rain «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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