---
title: Proceeding farther, he saw first a heap of riches wrapped up in a bu… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Proceeding farther, he saw first a heap of riches wrapped up in a bundle, and then one of the two thieves dead with a porridge-bowl overturned beside him. Who acts: companion, porridge bowl. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 8, with its dependency tree 
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 8, sentence 152

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Proceeding farther, he saw first a heap of riches wrapped up in a bundle, and then one of the two thieves dead with a porridge-bowl overturned beside him.

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**Who acts:** companion, porridge bowl · **What happens:** proceed, see, wrap up, overturn · **To what, where:** heap, riches, bundle

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (companion, porridge bowl), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:8:154
# text = Proceeding farther, he saw first a heap of riches wrapped up in a bundle, and then one of the two thieves dead with a porridge-bowl overturned beside him.
1	Proceeding	proceed	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
2	farther	far	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	advmod	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	heap	heap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	riches	rich	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	wrapped	wrap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	bundle	bundle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
18	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	19	advmod	_	_
19	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	nummod	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	23	nummod	_	_
23	thieves	thief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	_
24	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
25	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
27	porridge	porridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	bowl	bowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	_
30	overturned	overturn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	advcl	_	_
31	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **proceed** | gerund | companion *not said here* |  |  |  |  | far *property* | vn begin-55.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **see** | past | companion | a heap of riches |  |  |  | first *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer heap=Stimulus |
| 3 | **wrap up** | participle |  | riches *not said here* |  | a bundle |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in bundle=Destination |
| 4 | **overturn** | past | a porridge bowl |  |  |  |  | beside companion | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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