---
title: “Such-and-such they must have done,” thought he. — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: “Such-and-such they must have done,” thought he. Who acts: bowls. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 8, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 8, sentence 154

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“Such-and-such they must have done,” thought he.

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**Who acts:** bowls · **What happens:** do, think · **To what, where:** companion · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bowls), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:8:156
# text = “Such-and-such they must have done,” thought he.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	10	advmod	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	aux	_	_
10	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
13	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** *in a quote* | must · perfect | bowls *= bowl* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | past |  | companion |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot he=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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