---
title: Having thus made known his determination, with a yell he struck the… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Having thus made known his determination, with a yell he struck the ogre with his right hand. Who acts: Having, prince. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 8, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 8, sentence 26

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Having thus made known his determination, with a yell he struck the ogre with his right hand.

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**Who acts:** Having, prince · **What happens:** have, make, know, strike, determine · **To what, where:** determination, ogre

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Having, prince), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:8:26
# text = Having thus made known his determination, with a yell he struck the ogre with his right hand.
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	determination	determination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	yell	yell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	struck	strike	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	ogre	ogre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
17	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | participle | Having |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **know** | participle | Having *not said here* | prince's determination |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer determination=Stimulus |
| 4 | **strike** | past | prince | the ogre |  |  |  | with a yell; with prince's right hand | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent ogre=Patient with yell=Instrument |
| 5 | **determine** |  | prince |  |  |  |  |  | nom determination «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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