---
title: But you, because in a former state of existence also you wrought evi… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: But you, because in a former state of existence also you wrought evil, have been reborn as an ogre, cruel, red-handed, feeding on the flesh and blood of others. Who acts: you. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 8, with its dependency tree and the pragmat
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 8, sentence 58

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But you, because in a former state of existence also you wrought evil, have been reborn as an ogre, cruel, red-handed, feeding on the flesh and blood of others.

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**Who acts:** you · **What happens:** evil, reborn, hand, feed · **To what, where:** you, former state

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:8:58
# text = But you, because in a former state of existence also you wrought evil, have been reborn as an ogre, cruel, red-handed, feeding on the flesh and blood of others.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
4	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	former	former	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	existence	existence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	also	also	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	wrought	wrought	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	evil	evil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
16	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	reborn	reborn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
19	as	as	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	ogre	ogre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	handed	hand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	feeding	feed	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	27	advcl	_	_
30	on	on	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	flesh	flesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **evil** |  | you |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **reborn** | present · perfect · passive |  | you |  | a former state of existence |  | as a ogre | tree rules |
| 3 | **hand** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **feed** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | on the flesh and blood of others | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on flesh=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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