---
title: He had increased his stature to the height of a palm-tree; he had cr… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: He had increased his stature to the height of a palm-tree; he had created for himself a head as big as a summer-house with bell-shaped pinnacle, eyes as big as alms-bowls, two tusks as big as giant bulbs or buds; he had the beak of a hawk; his belly was covered with blotches; his hands and feet were
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 8, sentence 7

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He had increased his stature to the height of a palm-tree; he had created for himself a head as big as a summer-house with bell-shaped pinnacle, eyes as big as alms-bowls, two tusks as big as giant bulbs or buds; he had the beak of a hawk; his belly was covered with blotches; his hands and feet were dark green.

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**Who acts:** ogre, hands · **What happens:** increase, create, shape, have, cover, be · **To what, where:** stature, head, beak, belly

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ogre, hands), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:8:7
# text = He had increased his stature to the height of a palm-tree; he had created for himself a head as big as a summer-house with bell-shaped pinnacle, eyes as big as alms-bowls, two tusks as big as giant bulbs or buds; he had the beak of a hawk; his belly was covered with blotches; his hands and feet were dark green.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	increased	increase	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	stature	stature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	height	height	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	palm	palm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	created	create	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	parataxis	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	17	obl	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
22	as	as	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
24	as	as	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
26	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
29	with	with	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
30	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	33	amod	_	_
33	pinnacle	pinnacle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
35	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
36	as	as	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
37	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
38	as	as	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	alms	alm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	39	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	bowls	bowl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
43	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	44	nummod	_	_
44	tusks	tusk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	appos	_	_
45	as	as	ADV	RB	_	46	advmod	_	_
46	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	amod	_	_
47	as	as	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	49	amod	_	_
49	bulbs	bulb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	46	obl	_	_
50	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	51	cc	_	_
51	buds	bud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	49	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
53	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	54	nsubj	_	_
54	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
55	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	56	det	_	_
56	beak	beak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	obj	_	_
57	of	of	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
58	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	59	det	_	_
59	hawk	hawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	64	punct	_	_
61	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	62	nmod:poss	_	_
62	belly	belly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	64	nsubj:pass	_	_
63	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	64	aux:pass	_	_
64	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	54	conj	_	_
65	with	with	ADP	IN	_	66	case	_	_
66	blotches	blotch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	64	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
67	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	74	punct	_	_
68	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	69	nmod:poss	_	_
69	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	74	nsubj	_	_
70	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	71	cc	_	_
71	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	69	conj	_	_
72	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	74	cop	_	_
73	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	74	amod	_	_
74	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
75	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **increase** | past · perfect | ogre | ogre's stature |  |  |  | to the height of a palm tree *result* | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.initial\_state PP.result»: agent=Patient stature=Extent to height=Result |
| 2 | **create** | past · perfect | ogre | a head |  |  |  | for ogre; eyes *obl*; alms's big bowls *conj* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent head=Result for himself=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | bell *compound* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 4 | **have** | past | ogre | the beak of a hawk |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beak=Patient |
| 5 | **cover** | past · passive |  | ogre's belly |  |  |  | with blotches | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with blotch=Theme |
| 6 | **is** | past | ogre's hands and feet |  |  |  |  | green *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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