---
title: And when they had eaten their breakfast, they approached the Exalted… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: And when they had eaten their breakfast, they approached the Exalted One. Who acts: others. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 9, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 9, sentence 101

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And when they had eaten their breakfast, they approached the Exalted One.

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**Who acts:** others · **What happens:** eat, approach, exalt · **To what, where:** breakfast, One

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (others), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:9:108
# text = And when they had eaten their breakfast, they approached the Exalted One.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	5	mark	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	breakfast	breakfast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	approached	approach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Exalted	exalt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	ccomp	_	_
13	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past · perfect | others *= other* | others's breakfast |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breakfast=Patient |
| 2 | **approach** | past | others *= other* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **exalt** | participle | others *= other* *not said here* | One |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer one=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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