--- title: Then said the Future Buddha: “Just as our teacher, putting forth eff… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics description: Then said the Future Buddha: “Just as our teacher, putting forth effort by wrong means, at the wrong time, caused the Rain of Riches, and thus himself met destruction and became the cause of others’ ruin, precisely so whoever else besides shall exert himself, seeking advantage for himself by wrong m --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/9/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The grateful elephant](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/) / [Opening, part 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/9/) / 5 # The grateful elephant, Opening, part 9, sentence 5 Then said the Future Buddha: “Just as our teacher, putting forth effort by wrong means, at the wrong time, caused the Rain of Riches, and thus himself met destruction and became the cause of others’ ruin, precisely so whoever else besides shall exert himself, seeking advantage for himself by wrong means, shall himself come to ruin and shall become the cause of others’ ruin.” **Who acts:** putting, wrong time, Buddha, whoever, wrong, others · **What happens:** say, put, mean, cause, meet, become · **To what, where:** Future Buddha, effort, Rain, destruction, cause, Buddha · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (putting, wrong time, Buddha, whoever), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg74064:9:5 # text = Then said the Future Buddha: “Just as our teacher, putting forth effort by wrong means, at the wrong time, caused the Rain of Riches, and thus himself met destruction and became the cause of others’ ruin, precisely so whoever else besides shall exert himself, seeking advantage for himself by wrong means, shall himself come to ruin and shall become the cause of others’ ruin.” 1 Then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 2 advmod _ _ 2 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 Future future ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 Buddha buddha NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 6 : : PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 7 “ " PUNCT `` _ 11 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 8 Just just ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 9 as as ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 teacher teacher NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 putting put VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 18 csubj _ _ 14 forth forth ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 15 effort effort NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 16 by by ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 wrong wrong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 obl _ _ 18 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 19 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 20 at at ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 22 wrong wrong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 24 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 25 caused cause VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 acl:relcl _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 Rain rain NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 28 of of ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 Riches rich NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 30 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 32 thus thus ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 33 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 34 nsubj _ _ 34 met meet VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 35 destruction destruction NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obj _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 37 became become VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 34 conj _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 cause cause NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 xcomp _ _ 40 of of ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 41 others other NOUN NNS Number=Plur 43 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 42 ’ 's PART POS _ 41 case _ _ 43 ruin ruin NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 44 , , PUNCT , _ 51 punct _ _ 45 precisely precisely ADV RB _ 49 advmod _ _ 46 so so SCONJ IN _ 49 mark _ _ 47 whoever whoever PRON WP PronType=Rel 49 nsubj _ _ 48 else else ADV RB _ 47 advmod _ _ 49 besides beside VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 51 advcl _ _ 50 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 51 aux _ _ 51 exert exert VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 ccomp _ _ 52 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 51 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 53 , , PUNCT , _ 54 punct _ _ 54 seeking seek VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 60 csubj _ _ 55 advantage advantage NOUN NN Number=Sing 54 obj _ _ 56 for for ADP IN _ 57 case _ _ 57 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 54 obl _ _ 58 by by ADP IN _ 59 case _ _ 59 wrong wrong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 60 nsubj _ _ 60 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 51 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 61 , , PUNCT , _ 64 punct _ _ 62 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 64 aux _ _ 63 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 64 nsubj _ _ 64 come come VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 60 ccomp _ _ 65 to to PART TO _ 66 mark _ _ 66 ruin ruin VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 64 xcomp _ _ 67 and and CCONJ CC _ 69 cc _ _ 68 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 69 aux _ _ 69 become become VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 66 conj _ _ 70 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 71 det _ _ 71 cause cause NOUN NN Number=Sing 69 xcomp _ _ 72 of of ADP IN _ 75 case _ _ 73 others other NOUN NNS Number=Plur 75 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 74 ’ 's PART POS _ 73 case _ _ 75 ruin ruin NOUN NN Number=Sing 71 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 76 . . PUNCT . _ 51 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 77 ” " PUNCT '' _ 51 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | | the Future Buddha | | | then | as our teacher | tree rules | | 2 | **put** *in a quote* | gerund | | effort | | | | by wrong; forth *property* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent effort=Theme by wrong=Destination | | 3 | **mean** *in a quote* | present | putting | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **cause** *in a quote* | past | the wrong time *not said here* | the Rain of Riches | | | | | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition rain=Patient | | 5 | **meet** *in a quote* | past | Buddha | destruction | | | | thus *property* | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent destruction=Co-Agent | | 6 | **become** *in a quote* | past | Buddha *not said here* | the cause of others's ruin | | | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 7 | **beside** *in a quote* | present | whoever | | | | | precisely *property* | tree rules | | 8 | **exert** *in a quote* | shall | | Buddha | | | | | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme | | 9 | **seek** *in a quote* | gerund | | advantage | | | | for Buddha | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent advantage=Location for himself=Theme | | 10 | **mean** *in a quote* | present | wrong | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 11 | **come** *in a quote* | shall | Buddha | | | | | | tree rules | | 12 | **ruin** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | Buddha *not said here* | | | | | | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 13 | **become** *in a quote* | shall | Buddha *not said here* | the cause of others's ruin | | | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 14 | **rain** *in a quote* | | | Riches | | | | | nom rain «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient | | 15 | **cause** *in a quote* | | | others's ruin | | | | | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient | | 16 | **ruin** *in a quote* | | others | | | | | | nom ruin «state transitive»: poss=agent | | 17 | **cause** *in a quote* | | | others's ruin | | | | | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient | | 18 | **ruin** *in a quote* | | others | | | | | | nom ruin «state transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/9/4/) - next →: [sentence 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/9/6/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/9/)