---
title: Now at that time there entered Sāvatthi for alms a company of hereti… — The grateful elephant · tree and pragmatics
description: Now at that time there entered Sāvatthi for alms a company of heretics, both monks and Brahmans, wandering ascetics, holding heretical views, patient of heresy, delighting in heresy, relying upon the reliance of heretical views. A sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Open
---

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# The grateful elephant, Opening, part 9, sentence 91

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Now at that time there entered Sāvatthi for alms a company of heretics, both monks and Brahmans, wandering ascetics, holding heretical views, patient of heresy, delighting in heresy, relying upon the reliance of heretical views.

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**What happens:** enter, wonder, hold, delight, rely · **To what, where:** Sāvatthi, ascetics, heretical views, heresy

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This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74064:9:98
# text = Now at that time there entered Sāvatthi for alms a company of heretics, both monks and Brahmans, wandering ascetics, holding heretical views, patient of heresy, delighting in heresy, relying upon the reliance of heretical views.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
5	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
6	entered	enter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	Sāvatthi	Sāvatthi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	alms	alm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	heretics	heretic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc:preconj	_	_
16	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	Brahmans	Brahman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	wandering	wonder	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
21	ascetics	ascetic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	conj	_	_
24	heretical	heretical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	views	view	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	patient	patient	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	heresy	heresy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
31	delighting	delight	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	conj	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	heresy	heresy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
35	relying	rely	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	31	conj	_	_
36	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	reliance	reliance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	heretical	heretical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	views	view	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enter** | past |  | Sāvatthi |  |  | now; time | for alms; monks and Brahmans *obl*; a company of heretics *obj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **wonder** *speech: ask* | gerund |  | ascetics |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **hold** | gerund |  | heretical views and patient of heresy |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent view=Theme |
| 4 | **delight** | gerund |  |  |  | heresy |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **rely** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | upon the reliance of heretical views | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **rely** |  |  | heretical views |  |  |  |  | nom reliance «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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