---
title: His rich cousin, from whom he had hoped for assistance, had repulsed… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: His rich cousin, from whom he had hoped for assistance, had repulsed him with cruel words, and now his future lay dark and hopeless before him. Who acts: wanderer, future. A sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 9, with its dependency tree a
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 9, sentence 81

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His rich cousin, from whom he had hoped for assistance, had repulsed him with cruel words, and now his future lay dark and hopeless before him.

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**Who acts:** wanderer, future · **What happens:** hope, repulse, lie · **To what, where:** rich cousin

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wanderer, future), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:10:81
# text = His rich cousin, from whom he had hoped for assistance, had repulsed him with cruel words, and now his future lay dark and hopeless before him.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	appos	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	hoped	hope	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	assistance	assistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
13	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	repulsed	repulse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
15	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
21	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	24	advmod	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	future	future	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
24	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	parataxis	_	_
25	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	xcomp	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	hopeless	hopeless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	conj	_	_
28	before	before	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hope** | past · perfect | wanderer |  |  |  |  | for assistance | vn long-32.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Pivot for assistance=Theme |
| 2 | **repulse** | past · perfect · passive |  | wanderer's rich cousin |  |  |  | with cruel words; wanderer *obj* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer he=Result |
| 3 | **lie** | past | wanderer's future |  |  |  | before wanderer; now | dark *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before he=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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