---
title: The lonely traveller grew more terrified, and urging on his horses,… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: The lonely traveller grew more terrified, and urging on his horses, the waggon suddenly sank in a deep place, and no efforts of the tired animals could move it from the spot. Who acts: lonely traveller, waggon, efforts. A sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legend
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 10, sentence 111

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The lonely traveller grew more terrified, and urging on his horses, the waggon suddenly sank in a deep place, and no efforts of the tired animals could move it from the spot.

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**Who acts:** lonely traveller, waggon, efforts · **What happens:** grow, urge, sink, move · **To what, where:** deep place, horse, spot

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lonely traveller, waggon, efforts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:11:111
# text = The lonely traveller grew more terrified, and urging on his horses, the waggon suddenly sank in a deep place, and no efforts of the tired animals could move it from the spot.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lonely	lonely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	traveller	traveller	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
6	terrified	terrified	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	urging	urge	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	waggon	waggon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
16	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	sank	sink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
24	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	25	det	_	_
25	efforts	effort	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nsubj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nmod	_	_
30	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
31	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
32	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	obj	_	_
33	from	from	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	spot	spot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | the lonely traveller |  |  |  |  | terrified *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **urge** | gerund | the lonely traveller *not said here* |  |  |  |  | on traveller's horses | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **sink** | past | the waggon *not said here* |  |  | a deep place |  | suddenly *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **move** | could | no efforts of the tired animals | horse |  | the spot |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent it=Theme from spot=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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