---
title: Many lay upon the sacred heap what is held most dear, hunting spear… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: Many lay upon the sacred heap what is held most dear, hunting spear or battle-axe. Who acts: Many. A sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 10, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 10, sentence 82

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Many lay upon the sacred heap what is held most dear, hunting spear or battle-axe.

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**Who acts:** Many · **What happens:** lay, hold, hunt · **To what, where:** sacred heap, spear

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:11:82
# text = Many lay upon the sacred heap what is held most dear, hunting spear or battle-axe.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	sacred	sacred	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	heap	heap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	11	advmod	_	_
11	dear	dear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	hunting	hunt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
14	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	axe	axe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | present | Many |  |  | the sacred heap |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent upon heap=Destination |
| 2 | **hold** | present · passive |  | the sacred heap |  |  |  | dear *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **hunt** | gerund | Many *not said here* | spear or battle axe |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spear=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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