---
title: It was during the heat of August, when my friend Josephine and I sat… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: It was during the heat of August, when my friend Josephine and I sat long chatting on a moss-grown stone under Princess Ilse's dark evergreens. Who acts: shade, friend. A sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 11, with its dependency tree and
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 11, sentence 37

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It was during the heat of August, when my friend Josephine and I sat long chatting on a moss-grown stone under Princess Ilse's dark evergreens.

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**Who acts:** shade, friend · **What happens:** be, sit, chat, grow · **To what, where:** grown stone

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shade, friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:12:38
# text = It was during the heat of August, when my friend Josephine and I sat long chatting on a moss-grown stone under Princess Ilse's dark evergreens.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	during	during	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	August	August	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
9	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
10	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
12	Josephine	Josephine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	conj	_	_
15	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
16	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	xcomp	_	_
17	chatting	chat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
20	moss	moss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	amod	_	_
23	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
24	under	under	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
25	Princess	Princess	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	Ilse	Ilse	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	's	's	PART	POS	_	26	case	_	_
28	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	evergreens	evergreen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | shade |  |  |  | during the heat; august |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sit** | past | my friend  I |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **chat** *speech: other* | gerund | my friend  I *not said here* |  |  | a grown stone |  | under Princess Ilse's dark evergreens | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **grow** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | moss *compound* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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