---
title: The birds sang, the sun shone warm and clear, and from the trees the… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: The birds sang, the sun shone warm and clear, and from the trees the red cherries hung down to their cheeks. Who acts: birds, sun. A sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 12, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 12, sentence 79

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The birds sang, the sun shone warm and clear, and from the trees the red cherries hung down to their cheeks.

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**Who acts:** birds, sun · **What happens:** sing, shine, hang down · **To what, where:** trees, red cherries

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (birds, sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:13:79
# text = The birds sang, the sun shone warm and clear, and from the trees the red cherries hung down to their cheeks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	shone	shine	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	cherries	cherry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
19	hung	hang	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl	_	_
20	down	down	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	cheeks	cheek	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the birds |  |  | the trees  the red cherries |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location |
| 2 | **shine** | past | the sun |  |  |  |  | warm *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **hang down** | participle |  | the red cherries *not said here* |  |  |  | to birds's cheeks | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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