---
title: But, to his astonishment, the maiden, instead of resisting, held him… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: But, to his astonishment, the maiden, instead of resisting, held him fast, and the others drew forth daggers and attacked and killed his retainers. Who acts: astonishment, others, Arno. A sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 13, with its de
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 13, sentence 45

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But, to his astonishment, the maiden, instead of resisting, held him fast, and the others drew forth daggers and attacked and killed his retainers.

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**Who acts:** astonishment, others, Arno · **What happens:** resist, hold, draw, attack, kill, astonish · **To what, where:** Arno, daggers, retainers

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (astonishment, others, Arno), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:14:46
# text = But, to his astonishment, the maiden, instead of resisting, held him fast, and the others drew forth daggers and attacked and killed his retainers.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	maiden	maiden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=SCONJ	12	mark	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	resisting	resist	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
14	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
21	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	parataxis	_	_
22	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	daggers	dagger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	attacked	attack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	killed	kill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	conj	_	_
28	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	retainers	retainer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **resist** | gerund | Arno's astonishment *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold** | past | Arno's astonishment | Arno |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 3 | **draw** | past | the others | daggers |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dagger=Theme |
| 4 | **attack** | past | the others *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **kill** | past | the others *not said here* | Arno's retainers |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent retainer=Theme |
| 6 | **astonish** |  | Arno |  |  |  |  |  | nom astonishment «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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