---
title: The crackling flames illuminated the country and the mountains, and… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: The crackling flames illuminated the country and the mountains, and invited the inhabitants of the near-lying vales and heights to the wild customs, the bloody sacrifices, and the raving dance of heathenism. Who acts: crackling flames. A sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofi
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 14, sentence 104

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The crackling flames illuminated the country and the mountains, and invited the inhabitants of the near-lying vales and heights to the wild customs, the bloody sacrifices, and the raving dance of heathenism.

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**Who acts:** crackling flames · **What happens:** illuminate, invite, lie, dance · **To what, where:** country, inhabitants, heathenism

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crackling flames), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:15:104
# text = The crackling flames illuminated the country and the mountains, and invited the inhabitants of the near-lying vales and heights to the wild customs, the bloody sacrifices, and the raving dance of heathenism.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	crackling	crackling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	flames	flame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	illuminated	illuminate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	invited	invite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
17	near	near	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	amod	_	_
20	vales	vale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	heights	height	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
23	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	customs	custom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	bloody	bloody	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	sacrifices	sacrifice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	raving	raving	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	dance	dance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	heathenism	heathenism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **illuminate** | past | the crackling flames | the country and the mountains |  |  |  | the raving dance of heathenism *obl* | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent country=Destination |
| 2 | **invite** | past | the crackling flames *not said here* | the inhabitants of the lying vales to the wild customs and the bloody sacrifices and heights |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent inhabitant=Recipient |
| 3 | **lie** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **dance** |  |  | heathenism |  |  |  |  | nom dance «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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