---
title: On the rugged, precipitous rocks stand the ruins of a dilapidated to… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: On the rugged, precipitous rocks stand the ruins of a dilapidated tower, now half veiled by clouds and mists, now echoing the roar of the savage tempest. Who acts: rugged precipitous rocks, savage tempest. A sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., 
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 15, sentence 44

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On the rugged, precipitous rocks stand the ruins of a dilapidated tower, now half veiled by clouds and mists, now echoing the roar of the savage tempest.

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**Who acts:** rugged precipitous rocks, savage tempest · **What happens:** stand, dilapidate, veil, echo, ruin, roar · **To what, where:** ruins, roar, dilapidated tower

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rugged precipitous rocks, savage tempest), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:16:45
# text = On the rugged, precipitous rocks stand the ruins of a dilapidated tower, now half veiled by clouds and mists, now echoing the roar of the savage tempest.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
3	rugged	rugged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	precipitous	precipitous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	stand	stand	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ruins	ruin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	dilapidated	dilapidate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
13	tower	tower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	_
16	half	half	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	17	advmod	_	_
17	veiled	veil	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	mists	mist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	24	advmod	_	_
24	echoing	echo	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	advcl	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	roar	roar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	savage	savage	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	tempest	tempest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | the rugged precipitous rocks | the ruins of a dilapidated tower |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ruin=Stimulus |
| 2 | **dilapidate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **veil** | participle | the rugged precipitous rocks *not said here* |  |  |  | now | by clouds and mists; half *property* | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **echo** | gerund | the rugged precipitous rocks *not said here* | the roar of the savage tempest |  |  | now |  | vn sound\_existence-47.4 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location roar=Theme |
| 5 | **ruin** |  |  | a dilapidated tower |  |  |  |  | nom ruin «state transitive»: of=patient |
| 6 | **roar** |  | the savage tempest |  |  |  |  |  | nom roar «event intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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