---
title: Already long the castle has laid in ruins; but the knight rides ever… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: Already long the castle has laid in ruins; but the knight rides ever, without rest, on a wild black steed from its lonely tower to the hermit's weeping-willow-shaded grave; and the enchantment can only be broken when the robber-knight, on his night ride, meets one more wicked than himself. Who acts:
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 15, sentence 64

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Already long the castle has laid in ruins; but the knight rides ever, without rest, on a wild black steed from its lonely tower to the hermit's weeping-willow-shaded grave; and the enchantment can only be broken when the robber-knight, on his night ride, meets one more wicked than himself.

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**Who acts:** knight, weeping, robber knight, hermit · **What happens:** lay, ride, shade, break, meet, weep · **To what, where:** castle, ruins, wild black steed, grave, enchantment

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (knight, weeping, robber knight, hermit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:16:65
# text = Already long the castle has laid in ruins; but the knight rides ever, without rest, on a wild black steed from its lonely tower to the hermit's weeping-willow-shaded grave; and the enchantment can only be broken when the robber-knight, on his night ride, meets one more wicked than himself.
1	Already	already	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	laid	lay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	ruins	ruin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	rides	ride	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
14	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	without	without	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
21	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
22	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	steed	steed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
24	from	from	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
26	lonely	lonely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	tower	tower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	hermit	hermit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	's	's	PART	POS	_	30	case	_	_
32	weeping	weeping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	willow	willow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	shaded	shade	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	32	acl	_	_
37	grave	grave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	45	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	enchantment	enchantment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	nsubj:pass	_	_
42	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	45	aux	_	_
43	only	only	ADV	RB	_	45	advmod	_	_
44	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	45	aux:pass	_	_
45	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	_
46	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	57	mark	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
48	robber	robber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	48	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	55	punct	_	_
52	on	on	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
53	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	55	nmod:poss	_	_
54	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	compound	_	_
55	ride	ride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	_
57	meets	meet	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	45	advcl	_	_
58	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	59	nummod	_	_
59	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	60	advmod	_	_
60	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	57	xcomp	_	_
61	than	than	ADP	IN	_	62	case	_	_
62	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	60	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
63	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | present · perfect · passive |  | the castle |  | ruins |  | long *property* | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in ruin=Destination |
| 2 | **ride** | present | the knight |  |  | a wild black steed from castle's lonely tower to the hermit's weeping and willow | ever | without rest | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **shade** | participle | the hermit's weeping and willow *not said here* | grave |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grave=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **break** | can · passive |  | the enchantment |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 5 | **meet** | present | the robber knight and hermit's night ride |  |  |  |  | wicked *property* | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **weep** |  | the hermit |  |  |  |  |  | nom weeping «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
| 7 | **ride** |  | hermit |  |  |  |  |  | nom ride «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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