---
title: "Can there be a cave here," thought Ernst, "which has such a wonderf… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: "Can there be a cave here," thought Ernst, "which has such a wonderful echo?" and turned over a moss-grown stone with his foot. Who acts: Ernst. A sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 16, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 16, sentence 44

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"Can there be a cave here," thought Ernst, "which has such a wonderful echo?" and turned over a moss-grown stone with his foot.

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**Who acts:** Ernst · **What happens:** be, think, have, turn over, grow · **To what, where:** cave, wonderful echo, grown stone · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ernst), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:17:44
# text = "Can there be a cave here," thought Ernst, "which has such a wonderful echo?" and turned over a moss-grown stone with his foot.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	4	expl	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
7	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	_
10	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	Ernst	Ernst	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
16	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	19	det:predet	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	wonderful	wonderful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	echo	echo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
24	over	over	ADP	RP	_	23	compound:prt	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
26	moss	moss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	29	amod	_	_
29	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
30	with	with	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | a cave |  | here |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | past | Ernst |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **have** *in a quote* | present |  | such wonderful echo |  |  |  | which *nsubj* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent echo=Patient |
| 4 | **turn over** | past | Ernst *not said here* | a grown stone |  |  |  | with Ernst's foot | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent stone=Theme |
| 5 | **grow** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | moss *compound* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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