---
title: The mountain was so steep that _Staufen_, or _Stufen_--steps--were u… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: The mountain was so steep that _Staufen_, or _Stufen_--steps--were used in climbing it, hence probably the name. Who acts: mountain. A sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, A Historical Tale., part 3, sentence 162

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The mountain was so steep that \_Staufen\_, or \_Stufen\_--steps--were used in climbing it, hence probably the name.

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**Who acts:** mountain · **What happens:** be, use, climb · **To what, where:** Stufen, name

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mountain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:20:162
# text = The mountain was so steep that _Staufen_, or _Stufen_--steps--were used in climbing it, hence probably the name.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	steep	steep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Staufen	Staufen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
12	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Stufen	Stufen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	steps	step	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	parataxis	_	_
20	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
21	climbing	climb	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	advcl	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	hence	hence	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
25	probably	probably	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the mountain |  |  |  |  | Staufen *obl*; steep *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | past · passive |  | Stufen |  |  |  | steps *nsubj:pass* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **climb** | gerund |  | name |  |  |  | the name *obl* | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location it=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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