---
title: When he awoke he was lying before the entrance to the cave; near him… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: When he awoke he was lying before the entrance to the cave; near him a sack filled with beaten gold and silver. Who acts: spark. A sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, A Historical Tale., part 4, sentence 40

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When he awoke he was lying before the entrance to the cave; near him a sack filled with beaten gold and silver.

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**Who acts:** spark · **What happens:** awake, lie, fill, beat · **To what, where:** sack, entrance

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spark), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:21:40
# text = When he awoke he was lying before the entrance to the cave; near him a sack filled with beaten gold and silver.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	awoke	awake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	entrance	entrance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
14	near	near	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	sack	sack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
18	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	beaten	beat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	amod	_	_
21	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **awake** | past | spark | a sack |  |  |  | near Schlosser | tree rules |
| 2 | **lie** | past · progressive | spark |  |  | the entrance |  | to the cave | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before entrance=Location |
| 3 | **fill** | participle |  | a sack *not said here* |  |  |  | with beaten gold and silver | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with gold=Instrument |
| 4 | **beat** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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