---
title: The apprentice could not keep his secret, and with a countenance shi… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: The apprentice could not keep his secret, and with a countenance shining with joy told his master that he had already cast another bell, which was perfect, and of the sweetest tone. Who acts: apprentice, countenance, Stolberg, bell. A sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie L
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, A Historical Tale., part 4, sentence 56

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The apprentice could not keep his secret, and with a countenance shining with joy told his master that he had already cast another bell, which was perfect, and of the sweetest tone.

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**Who acts:** apprentice, countenance, Stolberg, bell · **What happens:** not keep, shine, tell, cast, be · **To what, where:** secret, master, bell · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (apprentice, countenance, Stolberg, bell), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:21:56
# text = The apprentice could not keep his secret, and with a countenance shining with joy told his master that he had already cast another bell, which was perfect, and of the sweetest tone.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	apprentice	apprentice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	secret	secret	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	countenance	countenance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
13	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	joy	joy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
21	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	already	already	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	cast	cast	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	ccomp	_	_
24	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	25	det	_	_
25	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
28	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
29	perfect	perfect	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	sweetest	sweet	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	35	amod	_	_
35	tone	tone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **keep** | could | the apprentice | Stolberg's secret |  |  |  | of the sweetest tone | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent secret=Theme |
| 2 | **shine** | gerund | a countenance *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with joy | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with joy=Theme |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past |  | Stolberg's master |  |  |  | with a countenance | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent master=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **cast** | past · perfect | Stolberg | another bell |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bell=Product |
| 5 | **is** | past | another bell |  |  |  |  | perfect *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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