---
title: He might have perhaps given expression to his trouble in loud lament… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: He might have perhaps given expression to his trouble in loud lamentations. Who acts: ruin. A sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, A Historical Tale., part 4, sentence 83

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He might have perhaps given expression to his trouble in loud lamentations.

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**Who acts:** ruin · **What happens:** give, trouble · **To what, where:** ruin, loud lamentations

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ruin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:21:83
# text = He might have perhaps given expression to his trouble in loud lamentations.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux	_	_
4	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	expression	expression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	lamentations	lamentation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | might · perfect · passive |  | ruin |  |  |  | to ruin's trouble in loud lamentations; expression *obj*; perhaps *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient expression=Theme |
| 2 | **trouble** |  | ruin |  |  | loud lamentations |  |  | nom trouble «cognition transitive»: poss=agent in=place |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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