---
title: The ground thundered beneath the horse-hoofs, and the mountains rang… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: The ground thundered beneath the horse-hoofs, and the mountains rang with the wild "hallohs!" of the riders, the cracking of whips, and the clashing of weapons. Who acts: ground, mountains, whips. A sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 5, w
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, A Historical Tale., part 5, sentence 52

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The ground thundered beneath the horse-hoofs, and the mountains rang with the wild "hallohs!" of the riders, the cracking of whips, and the clashing of weapons.

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**Who acts:** ground, mountains, whips · **What happens:** thunder, ring, crack · **To what, where:** horse hoofs, clashing

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ground, mountains, whips), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:22:52
# text = The ground thundered beneath the horse-hoofs, and the mountains rang with the wild "hallohs!" of the riders, the cracking of whips, and the clashing of weapons.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	thundered	thunder	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	hoofs	hoof	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	rang	ring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	wild	wild	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	hallohs	halloh	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	riders	rider	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	cracking	cracking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	whips	whip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	clashing	clashing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	weapons	weapon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thunder** | past | the ground |  |  | the horse hoofs |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beneath hoof=Location |
| 2 | **ring** | past | the mountains | the clashing of weapons |  |  |  | with the wild | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with wild=Theme |
| 3 | **crack** |  | whips |  |  |  |  |  | nom cracking «event intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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