---
title: A great lake covered a large portion of it; the ground around this l… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: A great lake covered a large portion of it; the ground around this lake was swampy and unfruitful, and dense forests shut out the sunlight. Who acts: great lake, ground, dense forests. A sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 6, with its depe
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, A Historical Tale., part 6, sentence 98

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A great lake covered a large portion of it; the ground around this lake was swampy and unfruitful, and dense forests shut out the sunlight.

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**Who acts:** great lake, ground, dense forests · **What happens:** cover, be, shut out · **To what, where:** large portion, sunlight

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (great lake, ground, dense forests), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:23:99
# text = A great lake covered a large portion of it; the ground around this lake was swampy and unfruitful, and dense forests shut out the sunlight.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	covered	cover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	portion	portion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
13	around	around	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	det	_	_
15	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	swampy	swampy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	unfruitful	unfruitful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	dense	dense	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
24	shut	shut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	parataxis	_	_
25	out	out	ADP	RP	_	24	compound:prt	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past | a great lake | a large portion of portion |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme portion=Destination |
| 2 | **is** | past | the ground around this lake |  |  |  |  | swampy *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | the ground around this lake *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **shut out** | participle | dense forests | the sunlight |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sunlight=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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