--- title: Dawn broke over the mountains, the voices were silent; they sighed i… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics description: Dawn broke over the mountains, the voices were silent; they sighed in the morning wind, but the soldier could not understand the tones; at first he was inclined to hold all for a dream, but what he had heard stood so clear in his mind that he finally doubted no longer, and zealously defended the thr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/24/31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/) / [A Historical Tale., part 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/24/) / 31 # Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, A Historical Tale., part 7, sentence 31 Dawn broke over the mountains, the voices were silent; they sighed in the morning wind, but the soldier could not understand the tones; at first he was inclined to hold all for a dream, but what he had heard stood so clear in his mind that he finally doubted no longer, and zealously defended the three trees. **Who acts:** Dawn, voices, nymphs, soldier, voice · **What happens:** break, be, sigh, not understand, incline, hold · **To what, where:** mountains, tones, soldier, all, mind, three trees This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dawn, voices, nymphs, soldier), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg74323:24:31 # text = Dawn broke over the mountains, the voices were silent; they sighed in the morning wind, but the soldier could not understand the tones; at first he was inclined to hold all for a dream, but what he had heard stood so clear in his mind that he finally doubted no longer, and zealously defended the three trees. 1 Dawn Dawn PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 broke break VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 over over ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 mountains mountain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 6 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 voices voice NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ _ 9 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 cop _ _ 10 silent silent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 11 ; ; PUNCT : _ 13 punct _ _ 12 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 13 sighed sigh VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 14 in in ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 16 morning morning NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 17 wind wind NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 18 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 19 but but CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 soldier soldier NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 22 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 24 aux _ _ 23 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 24 advmod _ _ 24 understand understand VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 parataxis _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 tones tone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 27 ; ; PUNCT : _ 32 punct _ _ 28 at at ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 first first ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 32 obl _ _ 30 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 31 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 aux:pass _ _ 32 inclined incline VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 parataxis _ _ 33 to to PART TO _ 34 mark _ _ 34 hold hold VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 32 xcomp _ _ 35 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 34 obj _ _ 36 for for ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 dream dream NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 39 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 40 but but CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 41 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 45 nsubj _ _ 42 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 nsubj _ _ 43 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 44 aux _ _ 44 heard hear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 41 acl:relcl _ _ 45 stood stand VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 46 so so ADV RB _ 47 advmod _ _ 47 clear clear ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 45 xcomp _ _ 48 in in ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 49 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 50 nmod:poss _ _ 50 mind mind NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obl _ _ 51 that that SCONJ IN _ 54 mark _ _ 52 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 54 nsubj _ _ 53 finally finally ADV RB _ 54 advmod _ _ 54 doubted doubt VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 45 advcl _ _ 55 no no ADV RB _ 56 advmod _ _ 56 longer long ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 54 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 57 , , PUNCT , _ 60 punct _ _ 58 and and CCONJ CC _ 60 cc _ _ 59 zealously zealously ADV RB _ 60 advmod _ _ 60 defended defend VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 61 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 63 det _ _ 62 three three NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 63 nummod _ _ 63 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 60 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 64 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **break** | past | Dawn | | | the mountains | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over mountain=Location | | 2 | **is** | past | the voices | | | | | silent *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **sigh** | past | nymphs *= nymph* | | | | | in the morning wind | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in wind=Theme | | 4 | **not** **understand** | could | the soldier | the tones | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer tone=Stimulus | | 5 | **incline** | past · passive | | soldier | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **hold** | to-infinitive | | all | | | | for a dream | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent all=Theme | | 7 | **hear** | past · perfect | soldier | | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | | 8 | **stand** | past | | | | soldier's mind | | what *nsubj*; clear *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in mind=Location | | 9 | **doubt** | past | voice | | | | | finally, long *property* | vn judgment-33.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 10 | **defend** | past | Dawn *not said here* | the three trees | | | | zealously *property* | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Beneficiary | | 11 | **mind** | | soldier | | | | | | nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/24/30/) - next →: [sentence 32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/24/32/) - ↑ back to [A Historical Tale., part 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/24/)