---
title: It was a lovely morning; the lambs played with the wild flowers, the… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: It was a lovely morning; the lambs played with the wild flowers, the birds sang so joyfully in the neighbouring wood, the breezes were so mild and odorous, that the hearts of the shepherds were filled with an unusual gladness, and they both began to play a sacred air on their reed pipes. Who acts: m
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, A Historical Tale., part 7, sentence 38

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It was a lovely morning; the lambs played with the wild flowers, the birds sang so joyfully in the neighbouring wood, the breezes were so mild and odorous, that the hearts of the shepherds were filled with an unusual gladness, and they both began to play a sacred air on their reed pipes.

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**Who acts:** mountain, lambs, birds, breezes, Shepherds · **What happens:** be, play, sing, neighbour, fill, begin · **To what, where:** lovely morning, neighbouring wood, hearts, sacred air, reed pipes

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mountain, lambs, birds, breezes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:24:38
# text = It was a lovely morning; the lambs played with the wild flowers, the birds sang so joyfully in the neighbouring wood, the breezes were so mild and odorous, that the hearts of the shepherds were filled with an unusual gladness, and they both began to play a sacred air on their reed pipes.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	lovely	lovely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lambs	lamb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
18	so	so	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	joyfully	joyfully	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	neighbouring	neighbour	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	23	amod	_	_
23	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	breezes	breeze	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj	_	_
27	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
28	so	so	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	mild	mild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	parataxis	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	odorous	odorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
33	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	40	mark	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	hearts	heart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	nsubj:pass	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	shepherds	shepherd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nmod	_	_
39	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	aux:pass	_	_
40	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	29	conj	_	_
41	with	with	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
42	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
43	unusual	unusual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	amod	_	_
44	gladness	gladness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
46	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
47	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	49	nsubj	_	_
48	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	49	nsubj	_	_
49	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
50	to	to	PART	TO	_	51	mark	_	_
51	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	49	xcomp	_	_
52	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	54	det	_	_
53	sacred	sacred	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	54	amod	_	_
54	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	obj	_	_
55	on	on	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
56	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	58	nmod:poss	_	_
57	reed	reed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	compound	_	_
58	pipes	pipe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	51	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | mountain | a lovely morning |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **play** | past | the lambs |  |  |  |  | with the wild flowers | vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with flower=Theme |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the birds |  |  | the neighbouring wood |  | joyfully *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wood=Location |
| 4 | **neighbour** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** | past | the breezes |  |  |  |  | mild *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **be** |  | the breezes *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **fill** | past · passive |  | the hearts of the shepherds |  |  |  | with a unusual gladness | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with gladness=Instrument |
| 8 | **begin** | past | Shepherds *= shepherd* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 9 | **play** | to-infinitive | Shepherds *= shepherd* *not said here* | a sacred air |  | Shepherds's reed pipes |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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