---
title: Above this bend in the stream, where it turns to flow along the base… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: Above this bend in the stream, where it turns to flow along the base, only a few steps from the stream, is a cave called the Zwergloch, or Dwarf-cave. Who acts: river. A sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 8, with its dependency tree and t
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, A Historical Tale., part 8, sentence 34

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Above this bend in the stream, where it turns to flow along the base, only a few steps from the stream, is a cave called the Zwergloch, or Dwarf-cave.

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**Who acts:** river · **What happens:** turn, flow, be, call · **To what, where:** base, cave, bend · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (river), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:25:34
# text = Above this bend in the stream, where it turns to flow along the base, only a few steps from the stream, is a cave called the Zwergloch, or Dwarf-cave.
1	Above	above	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	bend	bend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	10	advmod	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	flow	flow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	along	along	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	base	base	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	only	only	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	steps	step	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
21	from	from	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
28	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	acl	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	Zwergloch	Zwergloch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
32	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
33	Dwarf	dwarf	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	27	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | river |  |  |  |  | a few steps from the stream *conj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **flow** | to-infinitive | river *not said here* |  |  | the base |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along base=Location |
| 3 | **is a** | present |  | a cave or Dwarf cave |  | this bend in the stream |  | Dwarf cave *conj* | tree rules |
| 4 | **call** | participle |  | a cave or Dwarf cave *not said here* |  |  |  | the Zwergloch *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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