--- title: The Hibichenstein, near Grand, consists of two colossal limestone cl… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics description: The Hibichenstein, near Grand, consists of two colossal limestone cliffs leaning against each other, which are said to have been formed in the distant days when giants lived in the Hercynia Sylva,[1] from a pebble which a giant threw out of his shoe. Who acts: Hibichenstein, two colossal limestone c --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/25/41/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/) / [A Historical Tale., part 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/25/) / 41 # Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, A Historical Tale., part 8, sentence 41 The Hibichenstein, near Grand, consists of two colossal limestone cliffs leaning against each other, which are said to have been formed in the distant days when giants lived in the Hercynia Sylva,\[1\] from a pebble which a giant threw out of his shoe. **Who acts:** Hibichenstein, two colossal limestone cliffs, giants, giant · **What happens:** consist, lean, say, form, live, throw · **To what, where:** each, two colossal limestone cliffs, Hercynia Sylva, pebble, shoe · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, A Historical Tale., part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hibichenstein, two colossal limestone cliffs, giants, giant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg74323:25:41 # text = The Hibichenstein, near Grand, consists of two colossal limestone cliffs leaning against each other, which are said to have been formed in the distant days when giants lived in the Hercynia Sylva,[1] from a pebble which a giant threw out of his shoe. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 Hibichenstein Hibichenstein PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 3 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 4 near near ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 Grand Grand PROPN NNP _ 2 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 6 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 7 consists consist VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 9 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 12 nummod _ _ 10 colossal colossal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 11 limestone limestone NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 compound _ _ 12 cliffs cliff NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl _ _ 13 leaning lean VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 12 acl _ _ 14 against against ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 each each DET DT ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp 13 obl _ _ 16 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 fixed _ SpaceAfter=No 17 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 20 nsubj:pass _ _ 19 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 aux:pass _ _ 20 said say VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 conj _ _ 21 to to PART TO _ 24 mark _ _ 22 have have AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 24 aux _ _ 23 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 24 aux:pass _ _ 24 formed form VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 20 advcl _ _ 25 in in ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 distant distant ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 days day NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obl _ _ 29 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 31 advmod _ _ 30 giants giant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 31 lived live VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 advcl _ _ 32 in in ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 34 Hercynia Hercynia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 compound _ _ 35 Sylva Sylva PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 36 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 37 [ [ PUNCT -LRB- _ 38 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 38 1 1 NUM LS NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 42 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 39 ] ] PUNCT -RRB- _ 38 punct _ _ 40 from from ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 41 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 pebble pebble NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 appos _ _ 43 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 46 obj _ _ 44 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 giant giant NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 nsubj _ _ 46 threw throw VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 42 acl:relcl _ _ 47 out out ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 48 of of ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 49 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 50 nmod:poss _ _ 50 shoe shoe NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 51 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **consist** | present | the Hibichenstein and Grand | | | | | of two colossal limestone cliffs | tree rules | | 2 | **lean** | gerund | two colossal limestone cliffs *not said here* | | | each | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent against each=Location | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive | | two colossal limestone cliffs | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic | | 4 | **form** | to-infinitive · perfect · passive | | | | | day | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V» | | 5 | **live** | past | giants | | | the Hercynia Sylva | | | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sylva=Location | | 6 | **throw** | past | a giant | a pebble | | Grand's shoe | | | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent which=Theme out shoe=Initial\_Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/25/40/) - next →: [sentence 42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/25/42/) - ↑ back to [A Historical Tale., part 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/25/)