---
title: The Fehm is said to have been instituted by Charlemagne to prevent S… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: The Fehm is said to have been instituted by Charlemagne to prevent Saxony, which had been forced by his arms to embrace Christianity, from returning to Paganism. Who acts: Charlemagne, arms, Saxony. A sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 2,
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 2, sentence 11

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The Fehm is said to have been instituted by Charlemagne to prevent Saxony, which had been forced by his arms to embrace Christianity, from returning to Paganism.

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**Who acts:** Charlemagne, arms, Saxony · **What happens:** say, institute, prevent, force, embrace, return · **To what, where:** Fehm, Saxony, Christianity, Paganism · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Charlemagne, arms, Saxony), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:3:11
# text = The Fehm is said to have been instituted by Charlemagne to prevent Saxony, which had been forced by his arms to embrace Christianity, from returning to Paganism.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Fehm	Fehm	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux	_	_
7	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	instituted	institute	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Charlemagne	Charlemagne	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	prevent	prevent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
13	Saxony	Saxony	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	forced	force	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl:relcl	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	embrace	embrace	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
24	Christianity	Christianity	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
27	returning	return	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	advcl	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Paganism	Paganism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | the Fehm |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **institute** | to-infinitive · perfect · passive | Charlemagne |  |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **prevent** | to-infinitive | Charlemagne *not said here* | Saxony |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer saxony=Theme |
| 4 | **force** | past · perfect · passive | Fehm's arms | Saxony |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 5 | **embrace** | to-infinitive | Saxony *not said here* | Christianity |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent christianity=Co-Agent |
| 6 | **return** | gerund | Saxony *not said here* |  | Paganism |  |  |  | vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to paganism=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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