---
title: It existed during the stone and bronze age, as has been proved by th… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: It existed during the stone and bronze age, as has been proved by the discovery of warlike implements which have been dug up in the neighbourhood. Who acts: town, discovery. A sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 2, with its dependency tree
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 2, sentence 31

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It existed during the stone and bronze age, as has been proved by the discovery of warlike implements which have been dug up in the neighbourhood.

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**Who acts:** town, discovery · **What happens:** exist, prove, dig up, discover · **To what, where:** warlike implements, neighbourhood

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (town, discovery), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:3:31
# text = It existed during the stone and bronze age, as has been proved by the discovery of warlike implements which have been dug up in the neighbourhood.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	existed	exist	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	during	during	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	bronze	bronze	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	proved	prove	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	discovery	discovery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	warlike	warlike	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	implements	implement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
20	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	dug	dig	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl:relcl	_	_
24	up	up	ADP	RP	_	23	compound:prt	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	neighbourhood	neighbourhood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exist** | past | town |  |  |  | during the stone and bronze age |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **prove** | present · perfect · passive | the discovery of warlike implements |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **dig up** | present · perfect · passive |  | warlike implements |  | the neighbourhood |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in neighbourhood=Location |
| 4 | **discover** |  |  | warlike implements |  |  |  |  | nom discovery «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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