---
title: When he saw himself outwitted, and that all opposition was useless,… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: When he saw himself outwitted, and that all opposition was useless, and every issue from the fortress in possession of the enemy, he caused himself to be sewed up in a bed, and let down on the north and perpendicular side of the rocks with ropes. Who acts: Earl, opposition. A sentence of «Legends an
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 3, sentence 49

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When he saw himself outwitted, and that all opposition was useless, and every issue from the fortress in possession of the enemy, he caused himself to be sewed up in a bed, and let down on the north and perpendicular side of the rocks with ropes.

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**Who acts:** Earl, opposition · **What happens:** see, outwit, be, cause, sew up, let down · **To what, where:** Earl, bed, north, enemy

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Earl, opposition), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:4:49
# text = When he saw himself outwitted, and that all opposition was useless, and every issue from the fortress in possession of the enemy, he caused himself to be sewed up in a bed, and let down on the north and perpendicular side of the rocks with ropes.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
4	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obj	_	_
5	outwitted	outwit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	opposition	opposition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	useless	useless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	16	det	_	_
16	issue	issue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	fortress	fortress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	possession	possession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
28	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	27	obj	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
30	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	aux:pass	_	_
31	sewed	sew	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	advcl	_	_
32	up	up	ADP	RP	_	31	compound:prt	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	12	parataxis	_	_
39	down	down	ADP	RP	_	38	compound:prt	_	_
40	on	on	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obl	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
44	perpendicular	perpendicular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	amod	_	_
45	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	conj	_	_
46	of	of	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	nmod	_	_
49	with	with	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
50	ropes	rope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	48	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Earl | Earl |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **outwit** | participle | Earl *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **is** | past | all opposition |  |  |  |  | every issue from the fortress in possession of the enemy *obl*; useless *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **cause** | past | Earl | Earl |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition himself=Patient |
| 5 | **sew up** | to-infinitive · passive | Earl *not said here* |  |  | a bed |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: in bed=Destination |
| 6 | **let down** | infinitive |  |  |  | the north and perpendicular side of the rocks with ropes |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.asset»: agent=Agent on north=Asset |
| 7 | **possess** |  |  | the enemy |  |  |  |  | nom possession «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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