---
title: He looked around and saw a cleft in the mountain, from which issued… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: He looked around and saw a cleft in the mountain, from which issued smoke. Who acts: Earl. A sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 3, sentence 68

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He looked around and saw a cleft in the mountain, from which issued smoke.

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**Who acts:** Earl · **What happens:** look around, see, issue · **To what, where:** cleft, mountain, smoke

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Earl), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:4:68
# text = He looked around and saw a cleft in the mountain, from which issued smoke.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	around	around	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cleft	cleft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	issued	issue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
15	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look around** | past | Earl |  |  |  |  | around *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **see** | past | Earl *not said here* | a cleft |  | the mountain |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cleft=Stimulus |
| 3 | **issue** | past |  | smoke |  |  |  | which *nsubj* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location smoke=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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