---
title: Nearest related to the frog stands the Labyrinthodonten, whose hand-… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: Nearest related to the frog stands the Labyrinthodonten, whose hand-like foot-tracks have been found in the sandstone, and which is decidedly the transition between these animals and the higher species of the ape; and from the ape, during impossible-to-comprehend ages, man has sprung, at first rough
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 4, sentence 25

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Nearest related to the frog stands the Labyrinthodonten, whose hand-like foot-tracks have been found in the sandstone, and which is decidedly the transition between these animals and the higher species of the ape; and from the ape, during impossible-to-comprehend ages, man has sprung, at first rough and animal, as we see to-day in savage races, from step to step unfolding and rising, till we have the Mensch of our present civilization and refinement."

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**Who acts:** Labyrinthodonten, man, we · **What happens:** stand, find, be, comprehend, spring, see · **To what, where:** Labyrinthodonten, ape, like foot tracks, sandstone, transition, ages

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Labyrinthodonten, man, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:5:25
# text = Nearest related to the frog stands the Labyrinthodonten, whose hand-like foot-tracks have been found in the sandstone, and which is decidedly the transition between these animals and the higher species of the ape; and from the ape, during impossible-to-comprehend ages, man has sprung, at first rough and animal, as we see to-day in savage races, from step to step unfolding and rising, till we have the Mensch of our present civilization and refinement."
1	Nearest	near	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	related	related	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	advcl	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	frog	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
6	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Labyrinthodonten	Labyrinthodonten	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
10	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	16	nmod:poss	_	_
11	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	like	like	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
14	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	tracks	track	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl:relcl	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	sandstone	sandstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
25	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
26	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
27	decidedly	decidedly	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	transition	transition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
30	between	between	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	32	det	_	_
32	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nmod	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	36	amod	_	_
36	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	conj	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	ape	ape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	44	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
42	from	from	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	ape	ape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
46	during	during	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
47	impossible	impossible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	51	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	to	to	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	49	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	comprehend	comprehend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	47	parataxis	_	_
52	ages	age	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	51	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	56	punct	_	_
54	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	nsubj	_	_
55	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	56	aux	_	_
56	sprung	spring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	51	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	60	punct	_	_
58	at	at	ADP	IN	_	60	case	_	_
59	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	60	advmod	_	_
60	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	56	parataxis	_	_
61	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	62	cc	_	_
62	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	60	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
63	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	66	punct	_	_
64	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	66	mark	_	_
65	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	66	nsubj	_	_
66	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	56	parataxis	_	_
67	to	to	ADP	IN	_	69	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
68	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	67	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
69	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	66	obl	_	_
70	in	in	ADP	IN	_	72	case	_	_
71	savage	savage	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	72	amod	_	_
72	races	race	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	66	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
73	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	75	punct	_	_
74	from	from	ADP	IN	_	75	case	_	_
75	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	72	conj	_	_
76	to	to	PART	TO	_	77	mark	_	_
77	step	step	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	75	acl	_	_
78	unfolding	unfolding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	77	obj	_	_
79	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	80	cc	_	_
80	rising	rise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	78	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
81	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	84	punct	_	_
82	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	84	mark	_	_
83	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	84	nsubj	_	_
84	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	66	conj	_	_
85	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	86	det	_	_
86	Mensch	Mensch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	84	obj	_	_
87	of	of	ADP	IN	_	90	case	_	_
88	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	90	nmod:poss	_	_
89	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	90	amod	_	_
90	civilization	civilization	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	86	nmod	_	_
91	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	92	cc	_	_
92	refinement	refinement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	90	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
93	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	47	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
94	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	44	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present |  | the Labyrinthodonten |  | the ape |  | to the frog | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer labyrinthodonten=Stimulus |
| 2 | **find** | present · perfect · passive |  | like foot tracks |  | the sandstone |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 3 | **is a** | present | the Labyrinthodonten | the transition |  |  |  | between this animals and the higher species of the ape; decidedly *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **comprehend** | infinitive |  | ages |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer age=Stimulus |
| 5 | **spring** | present · perfect | man |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **see** | present | we |  |  | savage races and step | day |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 7 | **step** | to-infinitive | we *not said here* | unfolding |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location unfolding=Theme |
| 8 | **rise** | gerund | we *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 9 | **have** | present | we | the Mensch of our present civilization and refinement |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mensch=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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