---
title: Terrified at the sight, he lost his courage, forgot to cross himself… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: Terrified at the sight, he lost his courage, forgot to cross himself, and, seizing the hand of the maiden turned to flee. Who acts: lover, seizing. A sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 5, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 5, sentence 58

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Terrified at the sight, he lost his courage, forgot to cross himself, and, seizing the hand of the maiden turned to flee.

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**Who acts:** lover, seizing · **What happens:** lose, forget, not cross, seize, turn, flee · **To what, where:** courage, lover, hand

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lover, seizing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:6:58
# text = Terrified at the sight, he lost his courage, forgot to cross himself, and, seizing the hand of the maiden turned to flee.
1	Terrified	terrified	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	forgot	forget	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	seizing	seize	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	24	csubj	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	maiden	maiden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
24	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	flee	flee	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past | lover | lover's courage |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Eventuality |
| 2 | **forget** | past | lover *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **cross** | to-infinitive | lover *not said here* | lover |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Patient |
| 4 | **seize** | gerund |  | the hand of the maiden |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme |
| 5 | **turn** | past | seizing |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **flee** | to-infinitive | seizing *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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