---
title: Soon the beating of heavy wings was heard, and a hoarse croaking, an… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: Soon the beating of heavy wings was heard, and a hoarse croaking, and a pair of huge primeval ravens flew down, and sat, one on the north, one on the south window, and cried: Who acts: hoarse croaking. A sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 5, sentence 86

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Soon the beating of heavy wings was heard, and a hoarse croaking, and a pair of huge primeval ravens flew down, and sat, one on the north, one on the south window, and cried:

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**Who acts:** hoarse croaking · **What happens:** hear, fly down, sit, cry, beat · **To what, where:** beating, one, north, heavy wings

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hoarse croaking), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:6:86
# text = Soon the beating of heavy wings was heard, and a hoarse croaking, and a pair of huge primeval ravens flew down, and sat, one on the north, one on the south window, and cried:
1	Soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	beating	beating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	hoarse	hoarse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	croaking	croaking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	pair	pair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	primeval	primeval	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	ravens	raven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
22	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
23	down	down	ADP	RP	_	22	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	26	obj	_	_
29	on	on	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
33	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	28	conj	_	_
34	on	on	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	south	South	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
40	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past · passive |  | the beating of heavy wings |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |
| 2 | **fly down** | past | a hoarse croaking |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **sit** | past | a hoarse croaking *not said here* | one |  | the north |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent one=Theme on north=Location |
| 4 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | a hoarse croaking *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **beat** |  |  | heavy wings |  |  |  |  | nom beating «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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