--- title: Once--it was a St. John's day--he saw a Graumännchen[1] on the other… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics description: Once--it was a St. John's day--he saw a Graumännchen[1] on the other side of the stream, who evidently wished to cross, but did not venture to wade through, since the waters had risen in the late thunderstorm, and there was at that time no bridge. Who acts: Schloss, tradition, stream. A sentence of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/7/81/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/) / [Legends and Tales., part 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/7/) / 81 # Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 6, sentence 81 Once--it was a St. John's day--he saw a Graumännchen\[1\] on the other side of the stream, who evidently wished to cross, but did not venture to wade through, since the waters had risen in the late thunderstorm, and there was at that time no bridge. **Who acts:** Schloss, tradition, stream · **What happens:** be, see, wish, cross, not venture, wade through · **To what, where:** day, Graumännchen, other side, waters, late thunderstorm This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Schloss, tradition, stream), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg74323:7:81 # text = Once--it was a St. John's day--he saw a Graumännchen[1] on the other side of the stream, who evidently wished to cross, but did not venture to wade through, since the waters had risen in the late thunderstorm, and there was at that time no bridge. 1 Once once ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 2 -- -- PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 3 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 4 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 6 St. St. PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nmod:desc _ _ 7 John John PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 8 's 's PART POS _ 7 case _ _ 9 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obl:unmarked _ SpaceAfter=No 10 -- -- PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 11 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 12 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 acl:relcl _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 Graumännchen Graumännchen PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 15 [ [ PUNCT -LRB- _ 16 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 16 1 1 NUM LS NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 14 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 17 ] ] PUNCT -RRB- _ 16 punct _ _ 18 on on ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 20 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 side side NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 22 of of ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 stream stream NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 25 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 26 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 28 nsubj _ _ 27 evidently evidently ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 28 wished wish VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 acl:relcl _ _ 29 to to PART TO _ 30 mark _ _ 30 cross cross VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 28 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 31 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 32 but but CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 33 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 34 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 35 advmod _ _ 35 venture venture VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 12 conj _ _ 36 to to PART TO _ 37 mark _ _ 37 wade wade VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 35 xcomp _ _ 38 through through ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 39 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 40 since since SCONJ IN _ 44 mark _ _ 41 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 waters water NOUN NNS Number=Plur 44 nsubj:pass _ _ 43 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 44 aux _ _ 44 risen rise VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 35 parataxis _ _ 45 in in ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 46 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 47 late late ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 48 amod _ _ 48 thunderstorm thunderstorm NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 49 , , PUNCT , _ 52 punct _ _ 50 and and CCONJ CC _ 52 cc _ _ 51 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 52 expl _ _ 52 was be VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 44 parataxis _ _ 53 at at ADP IN _ 55 case _ _ 54 that that DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 55 det _ _ 55 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 52 obl _ _ 56 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 57 det _ _ 57 bridge bridge NOUN NN Number=Sing 55 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 58 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | past | Schloss | John St.'s day | | | | John St. *nmod:poss* | tree rules | | 2 | **see** | past | tradition | a Graumännchen | | the other side of the stream | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer graumännchen=Stimulus | | 3 | **wish** | past | the stream | | | | | evidently *property* | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | | 4 | **cross** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the stream *not said here* | | | | | | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **not** **venture** | past · do-support | tradition *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **wade through** | to-infinitive | tradition *not said here* | | | | | through *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **rise** | past · perfect · passive | | the waters | | the late thunderstorm | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | | 8 | **be** | past | | | | there | time | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 80](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/7/80/) - next →: [sentence 82](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/7/82/) - ↑ back to [Legends and Tales., part 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/7/)