---
title: In the dark mountain cave, on the hard, cold ground, kneels the silv… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: In the dark mountain cave, on the hard, cold ground, kneels the silver-haired hermit Volkmar, and without before the entrance, by the image of the Virgin, Reinhilde, pale and trembling, is kneeling, in prayer. A sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tale
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 7, sentence 135

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In the dark mountain cave, on the hard, cold ground, kneels the silver-haired hermit Volkmar, and without before the entrance, by the image of the Virgin, Reinhilde, pale and trembling, is kneeling, in prayer.

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**What happens:** kneel, tremble, image · **To what, where:** haired hermit, dark mountain cave, prayer, Virgin

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:8:135
# text = In the dark mountain cave, on the hard, cold ground, kneels the silver-haired hermit Volkmar, and without before the entrance, by the image of the Virgin, Reinhilde, pale and trembling, is kneeling, in prayer.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
14	kneels	kneel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
16	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	haired	haired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	hermit	hermit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
20	Volkmar	Volkmar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
23	without	without	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	before	before	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	entrance	entrance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	by	by	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	image	image	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	appos	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	Virgin	Virgin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
35	Reinhilde	Reinhilde	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
37	pale	pale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	parataxis	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
39	trembling	tremble	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	37	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
41	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	42	aux	_	_
42	kneeling	kneel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
44	in	in	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	prayer	prayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kneel** | present |  | the haired hermit |  | the dark mountain cave and the hard cold ground |  |  | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hermit=Topic |
| 2 | **tremble** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **kneel** | present · progressive |  |  |  | prayer |  | without the entrance | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in prayer=Location |
| 4 | **image** |  |  | the Virgin and Reinhilde |  |  |  |  | nom image «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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