---
title: But the Kaiser challenged his knights to combat against the Wenden,… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: But the Kaiser challenged his knights to combat against the Wenden, who still clung to heathenism, and refused to recognize Christianity, or the authority of the Kaiser. Who acts: Kaiser, Wenden. A sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 7, wi
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 7, sentence 20

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But the Kaiser challenged his knights to combat against the Wenden, who still clung to heathenism, and refused to recognize Christianity, or the authority of the Kaiser.

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**Who acts:** Kaiser, Wenden · **What happens:** challenge, combat, cling, refuse, not recognize · **To what, where:** knights, Wenden, Christianity

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kaiser, Wenden), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:8:20
# text = But the Kaiser challenged his knights to combat against the Wenden, who still clung to heathenism, and refused to recognize Christianity, or the authority of the Kaiser.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Kaiser	Kaiser	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	challenged	challenge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	knights	knight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	combat	combat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
9	against	against	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Wenden	Wenden	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
14	still	still	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	clung	cling	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	heathenism	heathenism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	recognize	recognize	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
23	Christianity	Christianity	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	authority	authority	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	Kaiser	Kaiser	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **challenge** | past | the Kaiser | Kaiser's knights |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **combat** | to-infinitive | the Kaiser *not said here* | the Wenden |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wenden=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **cling** | participle | the Wenden |  |  |  | still | to heathenism | vn cling-22.5 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to heathenism=Co-Theme |
| 4 | **refuse** | past | the Kaiser *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 5 | **not** **recognize** | to-infinitive | the Kaiser *not said here* | Christianity |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer christianity=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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