--- title: Once a herdsman stood, on St. John's Day, on the narrow path leading… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics description: Once a herdsman stood, on St. John's Day, on the narrow path leading to the then not entirely fallen walls, and dreamed of the days of the past, of the Burg and its knights, dames, and maidens, and the treasures that were said to lie concealed under the ruins. Who acts: herdsman, narrow path. A sent --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/9/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/) / [Legends and Tales., part 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/9/) / 18 # Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 8, sentence 18 Once a herdsman stood, on St. John's Day, on the narrow path leading to the then not entirely fallen walls, and dreamed of the days of the past, of the Burg and its knights, dames, and maidens, and the treasures that were said to lie concealed under the ruins. **Who acts:** herdsman, narrow path · **What happens:** stand, lead, not fall, dream, say, lie · **To what, where:** narrow path, treasures, ruins · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (herdsman, narrow path), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg74323:9:18 # text = Once a herdsman stood, on St. John's Day, on the narrow path leading to the then not entirely fallen walls, and dreamed of the days of the past, of the Burg and its knights, dames, and maidens, and the treasures that were said to lie concealed under the ruins. 1 Once once SCONJ IN _ 4 mark _ _ 2 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 herdsman herdsman NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 stood stand VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 5 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 6 on on ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 7 St. St. PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nmod:desc _ _ 8 John John PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 9 's 's PART POS _ 8 case _ _ 10 Day Day PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 11 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 12 on on ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 14 narrow narrow ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 path path NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 16 leading lead VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 15 acl _ _ 17 to to ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 19 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 22 advmod _ _ 20 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 22 advmod _ _ 21 entirely entirely ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 22 fallen fall VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 amod _ _ 23 walls wall NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 24 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 dreamed dream VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 27 of of ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 days day NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl _ _ 30 of of ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 past past NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 33 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 34 of of ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 Burg Burg PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 38 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 39 nmod:poss _ _ 39 knights knight NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 40 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 41 dames dame NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 42 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 43 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 44 maidens maiden NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 45 , , PUNCT , _ 51 punct _ _ 46 and and CCONJ CC _ 51 cc _ _ 47 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 48 treasures treasure NOUN NNS Number=Plur 51 nsubj:pass _ _ 49 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 51 nsubj:pass _ _ 50 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 51 aux:pass _ _ 51 said say VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 conj _ _ 52 to to PART TO _ 53 mark _ _ 53 lie lie VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 51 xcomp _ _ 54 concealed conceal VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 53 xcomp _ _ 55 under under ADP IN _ 57 case _ _ 56 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 57 det _ _ 57 ruins ruin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 54 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 58 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **stand** | past | a herdsman | | | the narrow path | on John St.'s Day | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on day=Location | | 2 | **lead** | gerund | the narrow path *not said here* | | | | | to the fallen walls | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to wall=Patient | | 3 | **not** **fall** | participle | | | | | then | entirely *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **dream** | past | a herdsman *not said here* | | | | day | of the Burg and herdsman's knights and dames and maidens | vn cognize-85 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · passive | | the treasures | | | | that *nsubj:pass* | tree rules | | 6 | **lie** | to-infinitive | | | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **conceal** | participle | | | | the ruins | | | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent under ruin=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/9/17/) - next →: [sentence 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/9/19/) - ↑ back to [Legends and Tales., part 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/9/)