---
title: He rubbed his eyes in amazement, for he found himself in an unknown… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: He rubbed his eyes in amazement, for he found himself in an unknown spot, in a dark thicket, without road or path; all around him towered mighty rocks that almost shut him in. Who acts: farmer. A sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 8, with
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 8, sentence 47

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He rubbed his eyes in amazement, for he found himself in an unknown spot, in a dark thicket, without road or path; all around him towered mighty rocks that almost shut him in.

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**Who acts:** farmer · **What happens:** rub, find, tower, shut · **To what, where:** eyes, amazement, farmer, unknown spot, mighty rocks

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (farmer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:9:47
# text = He rubbed his eyes in amazement, for he found himself in an unknown spot, in a dark thicket, without road or path; all around him towered mighty rocks that almost shut him in.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rubbed	rub	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	amazement	amazement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	10	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	unknown	unknown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	spot	spot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	thicket	thicket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	without	without	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
27	all	all	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
28	around	around	ADP	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
29	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
30	towered	tower	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
31	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obj	_	_
33	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	35	obj	_	_
34	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
35	shut	shut	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	acl:relcl	_	_
36	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	obj	_	_
37	in	in	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rub** | past | farmer | farmer's eyes |  | amazement |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent eye=Theme in amazement=Destination |
| 2 | **find** | past | farmer | farmer |  | a unknown spot |  | a dark thicket and road or path *parataxis* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Topic |
| 3 | **tower** | past | farmer | mighty rocks |  |  |  | all *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location rock=Theme |
| 4 | **shut** | past |  | mighty rocks |  |  |  | farmer *obj*; almost *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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