---
title: He heard the roaring of water outside, beneath him a raging din, and… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: He heard the roaring of water outside, beneath him a raging din, and before him yawned an awful chasm. Who acts: farmer, water. A sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 8, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 8, sentence 48

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He heard the roaring of water outside, beneath him a raging din, and before him yawned an awful chasm.

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**Who acts:** farmer, water · **What happens:** hear, rage, yawn, roar · **To what, where:** roaring, awful chasm

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (farmer, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:9:48
# text = He heard the roaring of water outside, beneath him a raging din, and before him yawned an awful chasm.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	roaring	roaring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	outside	outside	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	parataxis	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	raging	rage	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	amod	_	_
13	din	din	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
17	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	yawned	yawn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
19	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	awful	awful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	chasm	chasm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | farmer | the roaring of water |  |  |  | a raging din *obl:unmarked*; rode *= road* *parataxis*; outside *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer roaring=Stimulus |
| 2 | **rage** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **yawn** | past | farmer | a awful chasm |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chasm=Theme |
| 4 | **roar** |  | water |  |  |  |  |  | nom roaring «event intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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