---
title: Encouraged, he walked into the cave, his eye always fixed on the dog… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: Encouraged, he walked into the cave, his eye always fixed on the dog, till at last he reached the copper; the dog did not move; he plunged both hands into the gold coins, filled his pockets, and with two leaps reached his horse, where he sank down overcome with terror and joy. Who acts: farmer, dog.
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 8, sentence 66

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Encouraged, he walked into the cave, his eye always fixed on the dog, till at last he reached the copper; the dog did not move; he plunged both hands into the gold coins, filled his pockets, and with two leaps reached his horse, where he sank down overcome with terror and joy.

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**Who acts:** farmer, dog · **What happens:** encourage, walk, fix, reach, not move, plunge · **To what, where:** cave, eye, copper, last, hands, gold coins

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (farmer, dog), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:9:66
# text = Encouraged, he walked into the cave, his eye always fixed on the dog, till at last he reached the copper; the dog did not move; he plunged both hands into the gold coins, filled his pockets, and with two leaps reached his horse, where he sank down overcome with terror and joy.
1	Encouraged	encourage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	12	advmod	_	_
12	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
18	at	at	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	last	last	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	copper	copper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
27	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
28	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	29	advmod	_	_
29	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
31	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
32	plunged	plunge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
33	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	34	det	_	_
34	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obj	_	_
35	into	into	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
37	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	compound	_	_
38	coins	coin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
40	filled	fill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	conj	_	_
41	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	42	nmod:poss	_	_
42	pockets	pocket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
45	with	with	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	47	nummod	_	_
47	leaps	leap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	48	obl	_	_
48	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	conj	_	_
49	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	50	nmod:poss	_	_
50	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
52	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	54	advmod	_	_
53	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	54	nsubj	_	_
54	sank	sink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	48	advcl	_	_
55	down	down	ADP	RP	_	54	compound:prt	_	_
56	overcome	overcome	ADV	RB	_	54	advmod	_	_
57	with	with	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
58	terror	terror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	obl	_	_
59	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	60	cc	_	_
60	joy	joy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encourage** | participle | farmer *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **walk** | past | farmer |  |  |  |  | into the cave *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into cave=Result |
| 3 | **fix** | participle · passive |  | farmer's eye |  |  |  | on the dog; always *property* | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **reach** | past | farmer | the copper |  | last |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent copper=Theme at last=Asset |
| 5 | **not** **move** | past · do-support | the dog |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **plunge** | past | farmer | both hands |  | the gold coins |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **fill** | past | farmer *not said here* | farmer's pockets |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent pocket=Patient |
| 8 | **reach** | past | farmer *not said here* | farmer's horse |  |  |  | with two leaps | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent horse=Theme |
| 9 | **sink down** | past | farmer |  |  |  |  | with terror and joy; overcome *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with terror=Instrument |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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