---
title: The earth trembled, the rocks fell upon each other, trees were rent… — Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains · tree and pragmatics
description: The earth trembled, the rocks fell upon each other, trees were rent into splinters, torrents burst from the rocks, and the heavens enveloped themselves in night and flames. Who acts: earth, rocks, torrents, heavens. A sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends an
---

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# Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 8, sentence 73

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The earth trembled, the rocks fell upon each other, trees were rent into splinters, torrents burst from the rocks, and the heavens enveloped themselves in night and flames.

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**Who acts:** earth, rocks, torrents, heavens · **What happens:** tremble, fall, rend, burst, envelop · **To what, where:** each, trees, splinters, rocks

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This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (earth, rocks, torrents, heavens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg74323:9:73
# text = The earth trembled, the rocks fell upon each other, trees were rent into splinters, torrents burst from the rocks, and the heavens enveloped themselves in night and flames.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	trembled	tremble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	7	obl	_	_
10	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	rent	rend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	parataxis	_	_
15	into	into	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	splinters	splinter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	torrents	torrent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
19	burst	burst	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
20	from	from	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj	_	_
27	enveloped	envelop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
28	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	27	obj	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	flames	flame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tremble** | past | the earth |  |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **fall** | past | the rocks |  |  | each |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon each=Location |
| 3 | **rend** | past · passive |  | trees |  |  |  | into splinters *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient into splinter=Result |
| 4 | **burst** | present | torrents |  |  | the rocks |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **envelop** | past | the heavens | rocks *= rock* |  |  | night |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme themselves=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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