---
title: “He said that he was out of leather, and his pockets were empty, so… — English Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “He said that he was out of leather, and his pockets were empty, so you were to send him a few shillings to buy a fresh stock of leather.” Who acts: Deary, pockets, you. A sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Jack Hannaford, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# English Fairy Tales, Jack Hannaford, sentence 21

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“He said that he was out of leather, and his pockets were empty, so you were to send him a few shillings to buy a fresh stock of leather.”

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**Who acts:** Deary, pockets, you · **What happens:** say, be, send, buy, stock · **To what, where:** leather, few shillings, Deary, fresh stock · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Jack Hannaford. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Deary, pockets, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7439:13:21
# text = “He said that he was out of leather, and his pockets were empty, so you were to send him a few shillings to buy a fresh stock of leather.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	pockets	pocket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
14	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	so	so	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
18	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
19	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	send	send	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	15	parataxis	_	_
22	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	shillings	shilling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	buy	buy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	advcl	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	stock	stock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | Deary |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | past | Deary |  |  | leather |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | past | Deary's pockets |  |  |  |  | empty *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **send** *in a quote* | past | you | a few shillings | Deary |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Destination shilling=Theme |
| 5 | **buy** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | a fresh stock of leather |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stock=Theme |
| 6 | **stock** *in a quote* |  |  | leather |  |  |  |  | nom stock «possession transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7439 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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