---
title: The wife told him that she had sent it by a soldier to her former hu… — English Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The wife told him that she had sent it by a soldier to her former husband in Paradise, to buy him leather for cobbling the shoes of the saints and angels of Heaven. Who acts: wife. A sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Jack Hannaford, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev
---

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# English Fairy Tales, Jack Hannaford, sentence 26

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The wife told him that she had sent it by a soldier to her former husband in Paradise, to buy him leather for cobbling the shoes of the saints and angels of Heaven.

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**Who acts:** wife · **What happens:** tell, send, buy, leather, cobble · **To what, where:** Deary, money, former husband, shoes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Jack Hannaford. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wife), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7439:13:26
# text = The wife told him that she had sent it by a soldier to her former husband in Paradise, to buy him leather for cobbling the shoes of the saints and angels of Heaven.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	soldier	soldier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	former	former	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	husband	husband	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Paradise	Paradise	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	buy	buy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
22	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	iobj	_	_
23	leather	leather	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	xcomp	_	_
24	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
25	cobbling	cobble	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	advcl	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	saints	saint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nmod	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	angels	angel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	conj	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	Heaven	Heaven	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the wife |  | Deary |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **send** | past · perfect | wife | money | wife's former husband in Paradise |  |  | by a soldier | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme to husband=Destination |
| 3 | **buy** | to-infinitive | the wife *not said here* |  | Deary |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **leather** | infinitive | the wife *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **cobble** | gerund | the wife *not said here* | the shoes of the saints and angels of Heaven |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7439 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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