---
title: And all they had to live on was the milk the cow gave every morning… — English Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: And all they had to live on was the milk the cow gave every morning which they carried to the market and sold. Who acts: they, cow. A sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Jack and the Beanstalk, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# English Fairy Tales, Jack and the Beanstalk, sentence 2

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And all they had to live on was the milk the cow gave every morning which they carried to the market and sold.

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**Who acts:** they, cow · **What happens:** have, live, be, give, carry, sell · **To what, where:** milk, morning, market

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This is a sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Jack and the Beanstalk. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (they, cow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7439:16:2
# text = And all they had to live on was the milk the cow gave every morning which they carried to the market and sold.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	advmod	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
14	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	det	_	_
15	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	iobj	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	obj	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	market	market	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	sold	sell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | they |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | to-infinitive | they *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past |  |  |  | the milk |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **give** | past | the cow | the milk *not said here* | every morning |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent milk=Theme |
| 5 | **carry** | past | they | every morning |  | the market |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent which=Theme to market=Destination |
| 6 | **sell** | past | they *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7439 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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