---
title: I've had nothing to eat since yesterday morning, really and truly, m… — English Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: I've had nothing to eat since yesterday morning, really and truly, mum,” says Jack. Who acts: I, Jack. A sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Jack and the Beanstalk, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# English Fairy Tales, Jack and the Beanstalk, sentence 55

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I've had nothing to eat since yesterday morning, really and truly, mum,” says Jack.

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**Who acts:** I, Jack · **What happens:** have, eat, say · **To what, where:** nothing · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Jack and the Beanstalk. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, Jack), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7439:16:55
# text = I've had nothing to eat since yesterday morning, really and truly, mum,” says Jack.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	've	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	since	since	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	yesterday	yesterday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	really	really	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	truly	truly	ADV	RB	_	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
18	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
19	Jack	Jack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present · perfect | I | nothing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **eat** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | nothing *not said here* |  |  | morning |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present | Jack |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7439 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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